The dry eye is an eye disease characterized by a change in the quality and/or the amount of tears resulting in damage to the eye surface.
The tears are produced by the tear glands that are uniformly distributed over the surface of the cornea and conjunctiva through the involuntary closure of the eyelids, thus forming the tear film.
In the healthy eye, the tear film constantly coats the surface of the conjunctiva, keeping it moist, nourished and hydrogenated. The tear film is composed of a lipid (fat) layer, an aqueous layer and mucosal layer, with the task of protecting the eye from bacteria, toxic substances and small foreign bodies. In the dry eye, however, the tear film is altered and can no longer perform its normal functions.
Causes
There are 2 dry eye shapes due to:
Symptoms
The typical symptoms of the dry eye are represented by:
All of these symptoms get worse in dry, ventilated and air-conditioned environments.
Diagnosis
For proper dry eye diagnosis, tests are carried out to assess the amount and quality of the tear film.
Therapy
In dry eye therapy, artificial tears are also used, also called tear replacements.
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